|
|
|
| Study on Braking Safety and Reliability of Highway Vehicles under Heavy Rainfall Environment Based on Stopping Sight Distance |
| SHENG Xu-gao, YU Meng-ge, HUO Wei |
| School of Electromechanic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266071, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Based on the stopping sight distance and reliability theory, the braking safety reliability of road vehicles in heavy rainfall environment is studied. Starting from the principles of kinematics, the AASHTO model is improved, and the vehicle braking safety reliability model in heavy rainfall environment is established. Taking the vehicle speed, rainfall intensity and thinking time as random variables, the braking safety reliability and reliability sensitivity of road vehicles with different rainfall intensities and different vehicle speeds are researched by using Monte Carlo method. The result shows that (1) Compared with the original AASHTO model, the stopping sight distance calculation value obtained by the improved AASHTO model is larger and the difference value increases with the increase of vehicle speed. (2) the change of vehicle speed has great influence on the fluctuation degree of stopping sight distance, while the change of rainfall intensity has little influence on the fluctuation degree of stopping sight distance. (3) The safety speed limit in rainy days calculated by the deterministic method is dangerous, while more reasonable safety speed limit in rainy days can be obtained based on the reliability method. (4) There is a maximum value of the sensitivity of failure probability to the mean random variables. The maximum values of the sensitivity of failure probability to the mean vehicle speed and the sensitivity to the mean thinking time increase with the increase of rainfall intensity, while and the maximum value of the sensitivity to the mean rainfall intensity decreases with the increase of rainfall intensity. (5) There is a maximum value and a minimum of the sensitivity of failure probability to the standard deviation of random variable. The absolute values of the maximum and minimum of the sensitivity of the failure probability to the standard deviation of vehicle speed and the standard deviation of thinking time increase with the increase of rainfall intensity, while the absolute values of the maximum and minimum of the sensitivity to the standard deviation of rainfall intensity decrease with the increase of rainfall intensity.
|
|
Received: 22 March 2021
|
| Fund:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51705267); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M630750) |
|
|
|
[1] SIEBERT F W, WALLIS F L. How Speed and Visibility Influence Preferred Headway Distances in Highly Automated Driving[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour,2019,64:485-494.
[2] MIKOSKI P, ZLUPKO G, OWENS D A. Drivers’ Assessments of the Risks of Distraction, Poor Visibility at Night, and Safety-related Behaviors of Themselves and Other Drivers[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2019,62:416-434.
[3] KORDANI A A, RAHMANI O, NASIRI A S A. Effect of Adverse Weather Conditions on Vehicle Braking Distance of Highways[J]. Civil Engineering Journal,2018,4(1):46-57.
[4] WEN Hui-ying, LIU Min, WANG Hai-wei. A Control Method of Variable Speed Limits for Highway Mountain Breeze Transit Road in Rainy Days[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition),2016,44(12):67-73. (in Chinese)
[5] FAMBRO D B, FITZPATRICK K,KOPPA P. Determination of Stopping Sight Distances, NCHRP Report 400[R]. Washington, D.C.: National Research Council,1997.
[6] DUARTE W. Road Design in Federal Republic of Germany[M]. JING Tian-ran, Translated. Beijing: China Communications Press,1987. (in Chinese)
[7] LEI Bin. Comparative Study of Alignment Design Safety and Indicators of Sino-french Expressway [D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University,2009. (in Chinese)
[8] YUAN Hao, SHI Gui-fang, HUANG Xiao-ming, et al. Braking Model of Stopping Sight Distance[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition),2009,39(4):859-862. (in Chinese)
[9] IANG Hong, LI Feng. Modeling of Stopping Sight Distance and Analysis of Safe Speed on the Freeway with Different Road Conditions[J].Journal of Xi’an Technological University, 2012,32(1):25-30. (in Chinese)
[10] YANG Fan, BAI Hao-chen, HE Ya-long, et al. Study on Method of Evaluating Stopping Sight Distance of Median Strip in Expressway[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2018,35(6):45-51. (in Chinese)
[11] BASSANI M, HAZOOR A,CATANI L. What’s around the Curve? A Driving Simulation Experiment on Compensatory Strategies for Safe Driving along Horizontal Curves with Sight Limitations[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour,2019,66:273-291.
[12] WU Shan-gen, LI Tao, LIN Xuan-cai, et al. Study on Parking Sight Distance of Expressway Based on Braking Deceleration[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2021,38(9):51-59. (in Chinese)
[13] ZHAO Xin-yong. Expressway Traffic Safety Evaluation Method Based on Multi-source Heterogeneous Data[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology,2013. (in Chinese)
[14] ZHANG Hai-quan. Study on Braking Behavior of Typical Vehicle under Moist or Water Asphalt Pavement Condition[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University,2016. (in Chinese)
[15] SUN R,ZHUANG X,WU C,et al. The Estimation of Vehicle Speed and Stopping Distance by Pedestrians Crossing Streets in a Naturalistic Traffic Environment[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology and Behaviour,2015,30:97-106.
[16] SUN Yue. Optimization of Key Geometric Design Parameters of Sponge Road and Study on Driving Safety in Rainy Days[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University,2019. (in Chinese)
[17] LI Tie-qiang, MA Rong-guo, PEI Xiao-yun, et al. Traffic Safety Assessment of Rainfall Weather Based on ADAMS/Car[J]. Journal of the Hebei University of Technology,2012,41(5):78-83. (in Chinese)
[18] ZHANG Hang, ZHANG Xiao-lei, LV Neng-chao. Reliability Design for Stopping Sight Distance of Expressway[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2019,36(4):44-49,87. (in Chinese)
[19] ZHU Xing-lin. Highway Geometric Design Based on Reliability Theory[J]. Journal of Chang’an University (Natural Science Edition),2010,30(4):46-50. (in Chinese)
[20] LI Lin,ZHU Xi-chan,MA Zhi-xiong. Driver Brake Reaction Time under Real Traffic Risk Scenarios[J]. Automotive Engineering,2014,36(10):1225-1229,1253. (in Chinese)
[21] YU Zeng-liang. Study on Driver Critical Reaction Capability Based on Simulative Environment[D]. Changchun: Jilin University,2005. (in Chinese)
[22] YU Zhi-sheng. Automobile Theory[M].5th ed. Beijing: China Machine Press,2009. (in Chinese)
[23] GUO Teng-feng,ZHANG Zhi-wei,LIU Bing,et al. Maximum Grade and Length of Longitudinal Slope Adapted to Dynamic Performance of Six-axis Articulated Vehicle[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2018,18(3):34-43. (in Chinese)
[24] YOU Ke-si. Vehicle Dynamic and Reliability Based Highway Safety Analysis and Design Optimization[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University,2012. (in Chinese)
[25] LIU Jun-de. Study on Expressway Traffic Safety Management Technology under Disaster Condition [D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University,2012. (in Chinese)
[26] ZHAO Li-ping. Study on Traffic Safety and Control Strategy of Expressway under Coupling Effects of Wind and Rain[D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University,2013. (in Chinese)
[27] JACKSON T L,SHARIF H O. Rainfall Impacts on Traffic Safety: Rain-related Fatal Crashes in Texas[J]. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk,2016,7(2):843-860.
[28] DAS S,DUTTA A,SUN X. Patterns of Rainy Weather Crashes: Applying Rules Mining[J]. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security,2020,12(9):1083-1105.
[29] WU Jian-jun, YUN Cheng-song, ZHOU Zeng-kui,et al. Impact of Short Term Heavy Rainfall on the Monitoring and Forecast of Sudden Visibility Descent[J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2010,30(2):274-278. (in Chinese)
[30] JI Tian-jian, HUANG Xiao-ming, LIU Qing-quan, et al. Test Depth of Water Film on Asphalt Pavement Surface[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2004,21(12):14-17. (in Chinese)
[31] JI Tian-jian,HUANG Xiao-ming,LIU Qing-quan.Part Hydroplaning Effect on Pavement Friction Coefficient[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2003,3(4):10-12. (in Chinese)
[32] SHI Zhao-yin, LV Zhen-zhou, LI Lu-yi, et al. An Efficient ASVR-MCS Method For Estimating Failure Probability[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2019,55(24):260-268. (in Chinese)
[33] WU Y T, MOHANTY S. Variable Screening and Ranking Using Sampling-based Sensitivity Measures[J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety,2006,91(6):634-647.
[34] Study on Strategies of Inputting Control Signal for Expressway in Foggy and Rainy Weather Based on CAM[D]. Tianjin: Hebei University of Technology,2016. (in Chinese) |
|
|
|
2023, Vol. 17 
