Fabric hand properties significantly influence consumer satisfaction and product quality in the textile industry. This study investigates the application of the Fabric Touch Tester (FTT) and Fabric Big Data (FBD) platform for digitising and tracing fabric hand properties during wool textile manufacturing. The research builds on prior studies, confirming that FTT effectively quantifies hand properties during manufacturing, while the FBD platform enables real-time visualisation and networked access to production data. Results reveal that this approach allows fabric properties during manufacturing to be well monitored and enable manufacturers to consider whether redundant steps could be eliminated to enhance resource efficiency. Additionally, this study demonstrates how integrating digital tools into production workflows aligns with ESG and ESPR goals by reducing waste and optimising resource use. These findings offer practical guidance for advancing sustainable textile manufacturing, laying the foundation for more intelligent and transparent production systems.

This work realises the total parametric design of the insole through the topological structural design of the lattice units, which helps to meet the pressure requirements of different locations and increase the comfort and personalisation of insoles. Prior research has primarily concentrated on creating planar porous structures and basic geometric insole structures; intricate three-dimensional lattice structure optimisation has been systematically neglected. To close this gap, the research examines three common porous lattice structural units for analysis: equilateral triangular, square, and hexagonal units. It does this by using 3D printing technology to produce customised insoles. In addition, variance analysis is carried out, and the orthogonal experimental design method is used to examine the significant impact of structural design factors on the compressive performance of the porous lattice structure. The lattice’s structural neutral size, unit size, and rod diameter are chosen to influence the elastic modulus. With a 22% reduction in maximum plantar pressure and an 18% reduction in average pressure compared to the uniform solid structure, research reveals a considerable improvement in plantar pressure distribution with the lattice insole structure created in this study. In the meantime, the porous lattice structure’s overall weight is 15% less than that of the solid structure, which successfully reduces the insole’s burden while still fulfilling the standards for mechanical performance. This study offers a fresh technological perspective on creating customised, comfortable insoles.

With the development of 3D printing technology, its application in the apparel industry, especially in bra

cup design, has drawn attention. Previous studies have explored the use of 3D printing for underwear

customisation. Yet, issues such as poor flexibility, heavy weight, excessive material consumption, and

low comfort of printed materials remain, limiting the wide application of 3D-printed bra cups. There is

a research gap in effectively optimising the structural design of 3D-printed bra cups to overcome these

drawbacks. This paper aims to address this gap by investigating the use of lattice structures in designing

3D-printed bra cups and analysing how rod diameter and material hardness affect the elastic modulus

of the lattice-based cup designs. Through a series of experiments, it is found that both parameters

significantly influence the modulus, with material hardness being more crucial. By using the RESIONE

F80 material with a 1 mm rod diameter for lattice infill, the volume of the 3D printed cup is reduced by

45.16%, porosity is enhanced, and ventilation and comfort are greatly improved.

Warmth is a key consideration for consumers when choosing products. Existing research has mostly focused on testing the warmth performance of down products in a horizontal state, neglecting the nonhorizontal state during actual wearing. This study investigates the thermal insulation performance of down waddings under different placement conditions and their interrelationships. Four types of stitching spacing and five types of unit filling amounts are determined through market research, and 20 pieces of down waddings are made. Thermal resistance experiments are conducted in both horizontal placement and 24-hour suspension states. The experimental results show that under 24-hour suspension, the thermal resistance value of down waddings generally decreases; Under the same stitching spacing conditions, the unit filling amount corresponding to the maximum thermal resistance value in the 24-hour suspension state has decreased; There is a significant difference in thermal resistance values between the two placement states, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.939, indicating a strong positive correlation; A mathematical regression model y = 0.825x + 0.033 is established through SPSS analysis to describe the relationship between the thermal insulation of down wadding in two different placement conditions. The findings of this study provide an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for further research, design, and production of down products.

The comfort of wearing suits, a staple of formal attire, is crucial for the human body. Studies and surveys

indicate that individuals often experience discomfort and shoulder pain due to ill-fitting suits, leading to

uneven pressure distribution and subsequent fatigue. Due to the increasing demands of consumers for

clothing, the issue of discomfort in the shoulder area of women’s suits requires improvement. However,

most research on women’s suits has focused on aesthetic aspects, with little attention given to the

pressure comfort of the shoulder region. This study bridges this gap by examining pattern optimisation

and pressure comfort in women’s suits. The study uses Martin’s measuring instruments and 3D scanning

to gather shoulder data from young women. The goal is to understand the typical shape and structure of

human shoulders. With this information, we develop a method to optimise shoulder patterns in clothing,

ensuring they can be adapted to fit different shoulder types comfortably. The research identifies the

relationship between the shoulder slope angles of suit patterns and human shoulder shapes, formulating

an equation to link body morphology with pattern design. This study can facilitate designers’

understanding of the relationship between human shoulder morphology and clothing patterns, thereby

enabling the creation of more comfortable women’s suits for consumers.

Traditional evaluation of cycling trouser fabrics employs fixed-weight methods, failing to address the diverse performance demands of dynamic cycling scenarios. To overcome this limitation, this study developed and validated an intelligent scoring system using a “user-expert” dual-driven dynamic weight optimisation strategy. A dynamic weighting scheme was first constructed by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with user survey data. To mitigate data scarcity, a Generative AdversarialNetwork (GAN) was utilised to augment the dataset. Subsequently, a random forest regression model, integrated with a fuzzy logic engine, was employed to dynamically adjust performance weights (abrasion resistance, moisture permeability, air permeability) based on scenario inputs. The model achieved a coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.924 on the training set and an average R2 of 0.893 on the test set. Further validation demonstrated a prediction error of 6 5.2% for new fabrics and maintained R2 values above 0.85 under hyperparameter sensitivity analysis, indicating strong generalisation and robustness. This research provides a validated, data-driven framework for fabric selection in customised clothing and introduces a novel paradigm for the performance-based design of advanced technical textiles

To solve the problems of wheelchair users’ shoes and boots in the aspects of convenience, warmth, and comfort in low-temperature environments and better meet their physiological and psychological needs, this paper proposes a structural design scheme of easy-to-wear and take-off warm boots based on a new type of warm wadding. At the same time, the fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method was used to select a new kind of flocculant with excellent thermal and wet comfort polyester fiber flocculant as the filling material for the follow-up warm boots. This paper has guiding significance and application value to the development and application of wheelchair users to put on and take off warm boots.

To increase the protective capacity of yarns while maintaining human wearing comfort, pure UHMWPE filament and Spandex were combined to fabricate an elastic high-performance covered yarn. The various wrapping process parameters were adjusted to prepare this single-lay-covered yarn with a perfect wrapping status, which also can achieve the balance of strength and elasticity. It was discovered that the wrapping process seriously affected the covered yarn’s performance, and the new single-lay covered yarn showed desirable high strength and super elasticity. The strength of covered yarns shows three types of trend with the twist added, including first steep (300 t/m ∼ 400 t/m), then gentle (500 t/m ∼ 600 t/m) and last drastic (700 t/m ∼ 800 t/m). The covered yarn twisted at 700 t/m shows the optimal coverage morphology, excellent elasticity, and high strength. Finally, an elastic cut-resistant fabric is practically knitted by this fabricated elastic cut-resistant composite yarn, and it presents good flexibility and protection with Level 2 cut resistance under standard testing. The fabricated elastic high-performance covered yarn is an ideal material for producing highly elastic protective textiles and is applied to manufacture high-quality flexible protective equipment.

Despite the growing use of digital applications in cultural heritage preservation, limited research exists on

the comparative effectiveness of digital versus traditional display methods for preserving ethnic costume

heritage. This study investigates how digital technologies influence the perception of Korean traditional

costumes among China’s Korean ethnic minority (Chaoxianzu). Using CLO3D digital modelling and

questionnaire surveys (n = 107), we found that digital display methods excel in communicating costume

characteristics through three-dimensional visualisation and multi-angle presentation, with particularly

strong evaluations for intuitiveness (81.31%) and colour representation (76.64%). Digital methods

significantly enhance cultural understanding (75.70%) and stimulate innovative applications (70.09%),

especially among younger audiences (85% positive response rate). Our findings reveal that digital and

physical display methods serve complementary rather than competing roles—digital methods excel in

accessibility and spatial representation (87.85% preferred for multi-angle observation). In comparison,

traditional approaches provide essential tactile experiences, which are valued for their material experience

(89.72%). Statistical analysis identifies 360◦ multi-angle observation (β = 0.41) and magnified detail

observation (β = 0.35) as the most critical technical factors affecting perception value. This research

provides empirical evidence for developing integrated preservation strategies that combine digital

technologies with traditional approaches to enhance the transmission and sustainable development of

ethnic costume heritage.

The formal attire of female wheelchair users has received increasing attention in design research,

particularly in response to unmet needs in professional settings. However, most existing studies focus on

casual or adaptive sportswear, leaving a significant gap in exploring clothing suitable for formal contexts.

This study proposes a design method for optimising shirt prototypes for wheelchair users, incorporating

two key interventions: structural pattern adjustments and fabric innovation. The method was evaluated

through interviews with 51 participants. Conventional shirts often fail to accommodate the seated

posture, resulting in poor fit, restricted mobility, and discomfort. To address these issues, structural

modifications were introduced to the armholes, sleeve caps, and plackets to enhance forward-reaching

mobility and improve dressing convenience. Similarly, fabrics suitable for individuals with limited hand

dexterity were selected based on thermal-moisture comfort and usability criteria. Subjective evaluations

demonstrated that the synergy between structural refinement and fabric selection significantly improved

arm mobility and comfort in a seated position. This study offers practical insights for inclusive formalwear

design, presenting a method that balances formal attire for female wheelchair users.

Electronic textiles (E-textiles) have emerged as promising platforms for applications in healthcare, sports training, and human-machine interaction, owing to their flexibility, permeability and integration capability. Printing technologies such as inkjet, screen, stencil, gravure, and flexographic printing offer scalable and cost-effective routes for fabricating conductive pathways and embedding functional components onto textiles. Despite rapid progress, the development of high-performance printed E-textiles is hindered by challenges in ink formulation, printability, mechanical compatibility, and especially ink– textile adhesion. Current research lacks a systematic understanding of how ink properties influence

long-term durability and device functionality under real-world use. This review aims to address these issues by discussing recent advances in functional inks for printed E-textiles, with a focus on ink composition, printing techniques, and adhesion strategies. Key insights into the relationship between material properties and textile performance are highlighted. Finally, future directions are proposed to guide the development of durable, stretchable, and reliable printed E-textiles.

Research on sun-protective clothing for wheelchair users is of great significance in advancing the development of accessible clothing. Currently, sun-protective clothing available on the market is mainly designed for the general public. Traditional sun-protective clothing has shortcomings in multiple aspects such as garment length and bottom hem circumference, failing to meet the daily wearing needs of wheelchair users. Based on this, this study aims to design sun-protective clothing that caters to the needs of wheelchair users. The study employed questionnaire surveys and interviews, identifying seven key design points, and proposed a systematic design method based on three functional areas: sun protection, breathability, and safety protection. In the sun protection functional area, the sun protection area is determined by integrating the characteristics of the fabric and the wearing scenario. In the breathable functional area, the breathable area is determined and suitable materials are screened. In the safety protection functional area, reflective materials are integrated into the clothing structure line. Based on this, this study designs barrier-free settings for sun protection clothing. Three testers were invited to conduct wear testing and evaluation. The results showed that the comfort and functionality of the sun-protective clothing have been significantly improved, providing new design ideas for accessible clothing and creating possibilities for wheelchair users to have more suitable sun-protective clothing in the summer

Blended learning has become increasingly important in Taiwanese higher education, particularly in creative disciplines such as fashion design. With the rapid advancement of digital tools and the growing emphasis on technology in education, blended learning provides fashion design students with greater flexibility to engage with both theory and practice. Despite its growing adoption, research into its impact on fashion design education remains limited. This study seeks to address this gap by examining how blended learning influences academic achievement, self-directed learning (SDL), and critical thinking within Taiwanese fashion design education. Specifically, it investigates how blended learning enhances creative studio practice and fashion-specific learning outcomes. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in SDL and critical thinking, which are key to developing creativity and problem-solving skills in fashion design students. The study underscores the potential of blended learning to bridge the gap between theory and practice in fashion education, offering valuable insights for its optimisation in similar contexts

This study investigates the combined effect of anodic pretreatment and varying auxiliary formulations on the dyeing performance of cotton fabric using a natural dye extracted from Butea monosperma flowers. While past studies have examined the role of mordants and pH modifiers in natural dyeing, limited attention has been given to how auxiliary systems interact with electrochemically modified fabrics to influence colour yield and fastness performance. This research addresses that gap by evaluating how anodically pretreated cotton responds to common dyeing auxiliaries—sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium aluminium sulfate (alum), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and calcium oxide (CaO)—in terms of shade development, chromatic richness, and durability.

Using the CIE Lab colour system, significant colour variations were observed across all treated specimens (2–7) compared to the salt-only control (specimen 1). ∆E values ranged from 12.49 to 19.95, with the highest chromatic shift seen in the NaCl + alum sample, which produced a vivid orange hue with enhanced redness and yellowness. Combinations of alum and alkalis yielded deeper, more saturated shades, while alkali-only formulations produced earthier tones with moderate lightness. These outcomes highlight the synergistic effect of anodic surface activation and auxiliary chemistry on improving dye-fibre interactions.

Fastness tests, conducted according to ISO 105-C10 and ISO 105-X12 standards, revealed moderate washing durability (colour change ratings of 3 to 4) and good rubbing fastness (ratings up to 4). Specimens treated with mordants and alkalis generally exhibited improved fixation and reduced staining, whereas anodic treatment enhanced surface adhesion of the dye.

This study demonstrates a promising, low-impact approach to improving natural dye uptake and fastness on cotton fabric by integrating anodic pretreatment with accessible auxiliary systems. The findings support the development of sustainable, decentralised dyeing processes using locally available plant waste, with particular relevance for rural craft and textile communities seeking eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes

Difficulty in travelling has always been a problem for visually impaired people in their daily lives, and

smart wearable devices have shown great potential in helping the visually impaired to travel by their

portability and interactivity. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of smart wearable devices

that assist the visually impaired in travelling. The paper first analyses the characteristics of visually

impaired people to understand their needs, and then briefly reviews the history of travel assistance

devices. The paper then analyses the working mechanisms of smart wearable devices and divides them

into three categories based on how they return information to the user. Then, the paper summarises the

advantages and disadvantages of different types of devices and the disadvantages common to all types by

detailing the working principles, functions, and usage effects of a dozen different types of devices. Finally,

it summarises the current research status and limitations, and proposes future research directions. It

aims to provide a reference for the development of smart wearable devices that assist visually impaired

people in travelling

During the middle and late stages of pregnancy, the foetus grows rapidly, and the movements of the expectant mother are restricted. Therefore, a method that can support a sagging abdomen to support movement and distribute the weight of the lower abdomen throughout the torso to reduce the burden on the lower back needs to be investigated. This study aimed to develop a maternity support garment (MSG) that would provide comfortable support for rapid abdominal changes during the later stages of pregnancy. Nine types of MSGs used in Japan and Australia were analysed in terms of their clothing pressure distribution with a pregnant mannequin. In addition, pressure sense was indexed by the sensory evaluation of Japanese nongravid women in their 20 s and 30 s, and clothing pressure values obtained via simulation were analysed. The clothing pressure distribution of Japanese MSG is either almost perfect or looser, and when used alone, the MSGs keep the abdomen warm, except when the attached belt is used. Conversely, the Australian MSG is used with three types of tightness recommended by maternity hospitals; however, when double-layered with soft and hard types, the soft type concentrates pressure on the abdomen, and even the single-layer hard type MSG was observed to have higher pressure than the tight-¯t sensation. Although the Australian MSGs provide support rather than insulation, the pressure that they exert on the gravid abdomen can restrict the blood °ow to the foetus. Therefore, a narrow belt was combined with a single MSG and measured. The overlapping angle of the narrow belt generated excessive clothing pressure on the back from the heavy abdomen, making 15± the most suitable. The Australian soft-type single-layer MSG provided a perfect ¯t of clothing pressure but proved inadequate for supporting the heavy abdomen. Therefore, combining a narrow belt yielded good results. It was found that the medium type of MSG was preferred either as a single or double layer according to the pregnant woman's preference, rather than combined with the belt. These ¯ndings are expected to advance understanding of the e®ects of existing MSGs on the pregnant abdomen, thus propelling further development of MSGs.

At present, the world is facing a critical stage of sustainable development transformation. In particular, the introduction of the EU Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) marks a fundamental shift in the regulatory paradigm from end-of-pipe governance to ecological design. However, sustainable materials still face challenges in terms of cost, performance, strength, comfort, and large-scale production. At present, there is a lack of cross-country comparative bibliometric analysis on the emerging sustainability trends in textile materials research.Based on this, this study uses CiteSpace (v6.4.RI) to conduct a visual analysis of this ¯eld based on Chinese and English literature from 2010 to 2025 in CNKI and Web of Science databases using bibliometric methods. The key analysis indicators include annual publication volume, national and institutional cooperation networks, high-frequency keywords, keyword clustering, evolution path and emerging terms to compare the research status at home and abroad. This study aims to systematically map and compare the domestic and international research trends of sustainable textile materials to determine the evolving themes and future directions. The results show that the number of related papers has continued to grow in the past 14 years, and China is in a leading position in terms of the number of published papers. International cooperation is characterized by multi-center and decentralization. The current research mainly focuses on three directions: material innovation, performance optimization and environmental governance mechanism. It is expected that future research will focus more on bio-based textile technology (especially bionic materials) and intelligent response materials that can be applied on a large scale, such as thermochromic ¯bers and self-healing composites.

Atlas patterns, a representative element of Uyghur intangible textile heritage from Xinjiang, are renowned for their vibrant colors and intricate symbolic structures. However, existing generative AI approaches often struggle to replicate their cultural semantics or require signi¯cant computational resources. This study addresses these limitations by proposing a low-resource, high-¯delity generation method based on Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) applied to the Stable Di®usion (SD) model. A categorized dataset of 103 Atlas pattern images was constructed and annotated using Peirce's semiotic framework, including Iconographic, Directional, and Cultural Semiotic categories. LoRA modules were used to ¯ne-tune the U-Net component of SD, substantially reducing training complexity and memory usage. Experimental results demonstrate that under optimal parameters (epoch = 100, batch size = 2, U-Net learning rate = 8 £ 10¡4), the model achieves superior performance in MSE, PSNR, and SSIM compared to the base model. The generated patterns e®ectively re°ect the geometric symmetry and cultural motifs of traditional Atlas textiles. This research highlights the practical potential of LoRA-adapted di®usion models in preserving and innovating cultural heritage, especially in the ¯elds of digital fashion, pattern design, and virtual cultural applications.

This study is to address the lack of targeted research on accessible clothing for the visually impaired. In response to this gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study involving in-depth interviews, questionnaire surveys, real-world experiments with visually impaired participants to examine their speci¯c clothing needs during meals, and Market investigation. Based on the analysis of over 70 sample cases, the main challenges were identi¯ed as color recognition, stain detection, garment cleaning, functional design, and personalization. Meanwhile, we identify core design requirements for accessible bibs, including stain- resistant materials, ergonomic structures, and aesthetic considerations tailored to users preferences. This paper contributes empirical insights and practical guidelines to support inclusive design in sustainable fashion, o®ering a theoretical foundation for future development of accessible clothing for the visually impaired.

The efficiency of pneumatic conveying systems plays a decisive role in the energy performance of cotton processing plants, where airflow is the dominant electrical power consumption. Despite widespread industrial use, conventional single-duct systems still suffer from high pressure losses and energy inefficiency due to excessive air velocity and wall friction. Previous studies primarily focused on granular or powdered materials, while the specific aerodynamic behaviour of low-density fibrous cotton remains insufficiently investigated. This knowledge gap limits the optimisation of energy-saving designs for cotton pneumatic transport.

  This research develops a mathematical and experimental model for a resource-efficient pneumatic conveying system employing parallel pipelines to enhance energy efficiency and transport stability. The model integrates Bernoulli’s principle, the Darcy–Weisbach equation, and empirical correlations for friction and particle-air interaction. Comparative simulations and experiments were performed for single and dual-pipeline configurations operating at air velocities of 15-20 m/s.

  The results show that the parallel configuration reduces pressure drop by 23-26% and total power consumption by 20-25% compared to the conventional 355 mm single-duct system, while maintaining stable fibre transport and minimising clogging. The findings validate the theoretical framework and provide practical guidelines for retrofitting existing cotton pneumatic systems to achieve substantial energy savings.

  This study fills a key research gap by demonstrating the aerodynamic advantages of parallel airflow distribution for fibrous materials. It contributes to sustainable industrial modernisation by offering a scalable, energy-efficient pneumatic transport design suitable for cotton-processing facilities worldwide.