30 November 2025, Volume 18 Issue 3

    

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  Advances of Functional Inks for Printed E-textiles

  Jinxing Jiang, Youchao Qi, Qiyao Huang

  Journal of Fiber and Bioengineering and Informatics. 2025, 18(3): 193-216. https://doi.org/10.3993/jfbim00808

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  Electronic textiles (E-textiles) have emerged as promising platforms for applications in healthcare, sports training, and human-machine interaction, owing to their flexibility, permeability and integration capability. Printing technologies such as inkjet, screen, stencil, gravure, and flexographic printing offer scalable and cost-effective routes for fabricating conductive pathways and embedding functional components onto textiles. Despite rapid progress, the development of high-performance printed E-textiles is hindered by challenges in ink formulation, printability, mechanical compatibility, and especially ink– textile adhesion. Current research lacks a systematic understanding of how ink properties influence

  long-term durability and device functionality under real-world use. This review aims to address these issues by discussing recent advances in functional inks for printed E-textiles, with a focus on ink composition, printing techniques, and adhesion strategies. Key insights into the relationship between material properties and textile performance are highlighted. Finally, future directions are proposed to guide the development of durable, stretchable, and reliable printed E-textiles.

  
  
  
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  An Intelligent Framework for Multi-Scenario Fabric Selection in Cycling Apparel: A User-Expert Dual-Driven Approach

  Pan Huang, Jian-xia Du, Meng-ya Yuan, Meng-ke Zhu

  Journal of Fiber and Bioengineering and Informatics. 2025, 18(3): 217-231. https://doi.org/10.3993/jfbim01731

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  Traditional evaluation of cycling trouser fabrics employs fixed-weight methods, failing to address the diverse performance demands of dynamic cycling scenarios. To overcome this limitation, this study developed and validated an intelligent scoring system using a “user-expert” dual-driven dynamic weight optimisation strategy. A dynamic weighting scheme was first constructed by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with user survey data. To mitigate data scarcity, a Generative AdversarialNetwork (GAN) was utilised to augment the dataset. Subsequently, a random forest regression model, integrated with a fuzzy logic engine, was employed to dynamically adjust performance weights (abrasion resistance, moisture permeability, air permeability) based on scenario inputs. The model achieved a coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.924 on the training set and an average R2 of 0.893 on the test set. Further validation demonstrated a prediction error of 6 5.2% for new fabrics and maintained R2 values above 0.85 under hyperparameter sensitivity analysis, indicating strong generalisation and robustness. This research provides a validated, data-driven framework for fabric selection in customised clothing and introduces a novel paradigm for the performance-based design of advanced technical textiles
  
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  Sun-Protective Clothing Design for Wheelchair Users: Integrating Function and Accessibility

  Han-Xin Liu, Hui Zhu, Jing Guo

  Journal of Fiber and Bioengineering and Informatics. 2025, 18(3): 233-246. https://doi.org/10.3993/jfbim06401

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  Research on sun-protective clothing for wheelchair users is of great significance in advancing the development of accessible clothing. Currently, sun-protective clothing available on the market is mainly designed for the general public. Traditional sun-protective clothing has shortcomings in multiple aspects such as garment length and bottom hem circumference, failing to meet the daily wearing needs of wheelchair users. Based on this, this study aims to design sun-protective clothing that caters to the needs of wheelchair users. The study employed questionnaire surveys and interviews, identifying seven key design points, and proposed a systematic design method based on three functional areas: sun protection, breathability, and safety protection. In the sun protection functional area, the sun protection area is determined by integrating the characteristics of the fabric and the wearing scenario. In the breathable functional area, the breathable area is determined and suitable materials are screened. In the safety protection functional area, reflective materials are integrated into the clothing structure line. Based on this, this study designs barrier-free settings for sun protection clothing. Three testers were invited to conduct wear testing and evaluation. The results showed that the comfort and functionality of the sun-protective clothing have been significantly improved, providing new design ideas for accessible clothing and creating possibilities for wheelchair users to have more suitable sun-protective clothing in the summer
  
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  Evaluating the Impact of Blended Learning on Self-Directed Learning and Critical Thinking in Taiwanese Fashion Design Education

  Chia-Yi Wu , Guoxiang Yuan , Qingxin Peng , Vasilije Petrovic , Anita Milosavljevic

  Journal of Fiber and Bioengineering and Informatics. 2025, 18(3): 247-262. https://doi.org/10.3993/jfbim01891

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  Blended learning has become increasingly important in Taiwanese higher education, particularly in creative disciplines such as fashion design. With the rapid advancement of digital tools and the growing emphasis on technology in education, blended learning provides fashion design students with greater flexibility to engage with both theory and practice. Despite its growing adoption, research into its impact on fashion design education remains limited. This study seeks to address this gap by examining how blended learning influences academic achievement, self-directed learning (SDL), and critical thinking within Taiwanese fashion design education. Specifically, it investigates how blended learning enhances creative studio practice and fashion-specific learning outcomes. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in SDL and critical thinking, which are key to developing creativity and problem-solving skills in fashion design students. The study underscores the potential of blended learning to bridge the gap between theory and practice in fashion education, offering valuable insights for its optimisation in similar contexts
  
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  Optimising Natural Dyeing of Cotton with Butea Monosperma through Anodic Pretreatment and Eco-Friendly Auxiliaries

  Yanisa Komonsilichok , Piyanut Jingjit

  Journal of Fiber and Bioengineering and Informatics. 2025, 18(3): 263-274. https://doi.org/10.3993/jfbim00299

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  This study investigates the combined effect of anodic pretreatment and varying auxiliary formulations on the dyeing performance of cotton fabric using a natural dye extracted from Butea monosperma flowers. While past studies have examined the role of mordants and pH modifiers in natural dyeing, limited attention has been given to how auxiliary systems interact with electrochemically modified fabrics to influence colour yield and fastness performance. This research addresses that gap by evaluating how anodically pretreated cotton responds to common dyeing auxiliaries—sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium aluminium sulfate (alum), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and calcium oxide (CaO)—in terms of shade development, chromatic richness, and durability.

  Using the CIE Lab colour system, significant colour variations were observed across all treated specimens (2–7) compared to the salt-only control (specimen 1). ∆E values ranged from 12.49 to 19.95, with the highest chromatic shift seen in the NaCl + alum sample, which produced a vivid orange hue with enhanced redness and yellowness. Combinations of alum and alkalis yielded deeper, more saturated shades, while alkali-only formulations produced earthier tones with moderate lightness. These outcomes highlight the synergistic effect of anodic surface activation and auxiliary chemistry on improving dye-fibre interactions.

  Fastness tests, conducted according to ISO 105-C10 and ISO 105-X12 standards, revealed moderate washing durability (colour change ratings of 3 to 4) and good rubbing fastness (ratings up to 4). Specimens treated with mordants and alkalis generally exhibited improved fixation and reduced staining, whereas anodic treatment enhanced surface adhesion of the dye.

  This study demonstrates a promising, low-impact approach to improving natural dye uptake and fastness on cotton fabric by integrating anodic pretreatment with accessible auxiliary systems. The findings support the development of sustainable, decentralised dyeing processes using locally available plant waste, with particular relevance for rural craft and textile communities seeking eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes