[1] McIntosh K. Coronaviruses: a comparative review. In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology/Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie und Immunitätsforschung. Springer:1974; pp. 85–129.
[2] Lwoff A, Horne R, Tournier P. A system of viruses. In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1962, pp. 51–55.
[3] Büchen-Osmond C. The universal virus database ICTVdB. Comput Sci Eng: 2003; 5: 16–25.
[4] Watson JD, Crick FH. On protein synthesis. In: The Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology: 1958; pp. 138–163.
[5] Baltimore D. Expression of animal virus genomes. Bacteriol Rev: 1971; 35: 235.
[6] Committee IC on T of VE. The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks. Nat Microbiol: 2020; 5: 668.
[7] Sturman LS, Holmes KV. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. In: Advances in virus research. Elsevier: 1983;pp. 35–112.
[8] Geller C, Varbanov M, Duval RE. Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies. Viruses: 2012; 4: 3044–3068.
[9] Kahn JS, McIntosh K. History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery. Pediatr Infect Dis J: 2005; 24: S223–S227.
[10] Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, et al. Coronaviruses. Nature: 1968; 220: 2.
[11] Information on https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/posrna_viruses/222/coronaviridae.
[12] Drexler JF, Corman VM, Drosten C. Ecology, evolution and classification of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS. Antiviral Res: 2014; 101: 45–56.
[13] Finlay BB, Hancock REW. Can innate immunity be enhanced to treat microbial infections? Nat Rev Microbiol: 2004; 2: 497–504.
[14] Information on http://ruleof6ix.fieldofscience.com/2012/09/a-new-coronavirus-should-you-care.html.
[15] Wu A, Peng Y, Huang B, et al. Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host Microbe.
[16] Information on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/vssi/#/virus?SeqType_s=Nucleotide&VirusLineage_ss=Severe%20acute%20respiratory%20syndrome%20coronavirus%202,%20taxid:2697049.
[17] Sabir JSM, Lam TT-Y, Ahmed MMM, et al. Co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of MERS-CoVs in Saudi Arabia. Science (80- ): 2016; 351: 81–84.
[18] Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet: 2020; 395: 497–506.
[19] Lam TT-Y, Shum MH-H, Zhu H-C, et al. Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature: 2020; 1–6.
[20] Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin. BioRxiv.
[21] Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature: 2020; 579: 270–273.
[22] Rabi FA, Al Zoubi MS, Kasasbeh GA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019: what we know so far. Pathogens: 2020; 9: 231.
[23] Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature: 2003; 426: 450–454.
[24] Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Curr Biol.
[25] Warnes SL, Little ZR, Keevil CW. Human coronavirus 229E remains infectious on common touch surface materials. MBio; 6.
[26] Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature: 2020; 579: 265–269.
[27] Li F, Li W, Farzan M, et al. Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor. Science (80- ): 2005; 309: 1864–1868.
[28] Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Krüger N, et al. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells. BioRxiv.
[29] Coutard B, Valle C, de Lamballerie X, et al. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade. Antiviral Res: 2020; 176: 104742.
[30] Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, et al. Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell.
[31] Ge XY, Li JL, Yang XL, et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature: 2013; 503: 535–538.
[32] Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, et al. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature: 2020; 581: 215–220.
[33] Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science (80- ): 2020; 367: 1260–1263.
[34] Shang J, Ye G, Shi K, et al. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature: 2020; 581: 221–224.
[35] Muth D, Corman VM, Roth H, et al. Attenuation of replication by a 29 nucleotide deletion in SARS-coronavirus acquired during the early stages of human-to-human transmission. Sci Rep: 2018; 8: 1–11.
[36] Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, et al. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis: 2013; 13: 752–761.
[37] Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2015; 386: 995–1007.
[38] Li K, Wohlford-Lenane C, Perlman S, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. J Infect Dis: 2016; 213: 712–722.
[39] Sun J, He WT, Wang L, et al. COVID-19: epidemiology, evolution, and cross-disciplinary perspectives. Trends Mol Med.
[40] Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet: 2020; 395: 507–513.
[41] Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. Jama.
[42] Information on https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus.
[43] Information on https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/czech-republic.
[44] Gong L, Li J, Zhou Q, et al. A new bat-HKU2–like coronavirus in swine, China, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23: 1607.
[45] Pan Y, Tian X, Qin P, et al. Discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV) in southern China. Vet Microbiol: 2017; 211: 15–21.
[1] McIntosh K. Coronaviruses: a comparative review. In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology/Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie und Immunitätsforschung. Springer:1974; pp. 85–129.
[2] Lwoff A, Horne R, Tournier P. A system of viruses. In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1962, pp. 51–55.
[3] Büchen-Osmond C. The universal virus database ICTVdB. Comput Sci Eng: 2003; 5: 16–25.
[4] Watson JD, Crick FH. On protein synthesis. In: The Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology: 1958; pp. 138–163.
[5] Baltimore D. Expression of animal virus genomes. Bacteriol Rev: 1971; 35: 235.
[6] Committee IC on T of VE. The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks. Nat Microbiol: 2020; 5: 668.
[7] Sturman LS, Holmes KV. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. In: Advances in virus research. Elsevier: 1983;pp. 35–112.
[8] Geller C, Varbanov M, Duval RE. Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies. Viruses: 2012; 4: 3044–3068.
[9] Kahn JS, McIntosh K. History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery. Pediatr Infect Dis J: 2005; 24: S223–S227.
[10] Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, et al. Coronaviruses. Nature: 1968; 220: 2.
[11] Information on https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/posrna_viruses/222/coronaviridae.
[12] Drexler JF, Corman VM, Drosten C. Ecology, evolution and classification of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS. Antiviral Res: 2014; 101: 45–56.
[13] Finlay BB, Hancock REW. Can innate immunity be enhanced to treat microbial infections? Nat Rev Microbiol: 2004; 2: 497–504.
[14] Information on http://ruleof6ix.fieldofscience.com/2012/09/a-new-coronavirus-should-you-care.html.
[15] Wu A, Peng Y, Huang B, et al. Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host Microbe.
[16] Information on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/vssi/#/virus?SeqType_s=Nucleotide&VirusLineage_ss=Severe%20acute%20respiratory%20syndrome%20coronavirus%202,%20taxid:2697049.
[17] Sabir JSM, Lam TT-Y, Ahmed MMM, et al. Co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of MERS-CoVs in Saudi Arabia. Science (80- ): 2016; 351: 81–84.
[18] Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet: 2020; 395: 497–506.
[19] Lam TT-Y, Shum MH-H, Zhu H-C, et al. Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins. Nature: 2020; 1–6.
[20] Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin. BioRxiv.
[21] Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature: 2020; 579: 270–273.
[22] Rabi FA, Al Zoubi MS, Kasasbeh GA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019: what we know so far. Pathogens: 2020; 9: 231.
[23] Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature: 2003; 426: 450–454.
[24] Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Curr Biol.
[25] Warnes SL, Little ZR, Keevil CW. Human coronavirus 229E remains infectious on common touch surface materials. MBio; 6.
[26] Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature: 2020; 579: 265–269.
[27] Li F, Li W, Farzan M, et al. Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor. Science (80- ): 2005; 309: 1864–1868.
[28] Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Krüger N, et al. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells. BioRxiv.
[29] Coutard B, Valle C, de Lamballerie X, et al. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade. Antiviral Res: 2020; 176: 104742.
[30] Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, et al. Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell.
[31] Ge XY, Li JL, Yang XL, et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature: 2013; 503: 535–538.
[32] Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, et al. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature: 2020; 581: 215–220.
[33] Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science (80- ): 2020; 367: 1260–1263.
[34] Shang J, Ye G, Shi K, et al. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature: 2020; 581: 221–224.
[35] Muth D, Corman VM, Roth H, et al. Attenuation of replication by a 29 nucleotide deletion in SARS-coronavirus acquired during the early stages of human-to-human transmission. Sci Rep: 2018; 8: 1–11.
[36] Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, et al. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis: 2013; 13: 752–761.
[37] Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2015; 386: 995–1007.
[38] Li K, Wohlford-Lenane C, Perlman S, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. J Infect Dis: 2016; 213: 712–722.
[39] Sun J, He WT, Wang L, et al. COVID-19: epidemiology, evolution, and cross-disciplinary perspectives. Trends Mol Med.
[40] Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet: 2020; 395: 507–513.
[41] Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. Jama.
[42] Information on https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus.
[43] Information on https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/czech-republic.
[44] Gong L, Li J, Zhou Q, et al. A new bat-HKU2–like coronavirus in swine, China, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23: 1607.
[45] Pan Y, Tian X, Qin P, et al. Discovery of a novel swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV) in southern China. Vet Microbiol: 2017; 211: 15–21.
2020, Vol. 13 
